Language as Oppression, Language as Resistance
Robin Lakoff, a pioneering scholar in the field of Language and
Gender reminds us of the fact that folklore and fables, those earliest
instruction manuals at our disposal, construct the relationship between
women, men and the idea of verbal expression in ways which are
oppressive to women. For example in the fairy tale “Seven at a Blow,”
the brave little tailor, having killed seven flies with one swat,
embroiders himself a belt to that effect and wears it out into the
world. He gets into trouble but eventually triumphs. The lesson: verbal
assertion brings a man success. On the other hand, in the story ‘The
Seven Swans,” a girl’s seven brothers are changed into swans. She can
transform them back into men only by sitting in a tree for seven years
sewing them shirts out of daisies. If she utters one word during this
period, she will fail. She succeeds, despite terrible obstacles. The
moral: silence and obedience are the path to success for a woman. Or if
not success, the path to not getting destroyed. The way to stay safe and
unharmed.
From the lack of language (i.e. silence) that is required from a wife
who gets raped and beaten daily, in order to protect the good name of
the family, to the way a woman should dress (or not dress) in order to
not get raped, throughout the ages, women’s expression of themselves,
their ‘language’ – be it verbal or non-verbal has been curtailed,
ridiculed as being trivial and represented as being confined to the
realms of gossip and small talk. The sexist language used to describe
women is too familiar to be repeated here.
For this issue we invited contributors to interpret the theme of
language and gender for themselves, and were happy to receive a varied
and interesting range of interpretations which analyse, question and
celebrate the language of women and women’s language. We were delighted
to receive pieces from first time writers to Options, and also welcomed
the interpretations of women and expression articulated by a few male
contributors.
From an impassioned analysis of why the word ‘feminist’ is so
abhorrent to young women today, to a powerful collection of photographs
bearing messages from women (and men) for women in the form of placards
and posters at a public rally, from a discussion of resistance as
symbolized by a form of dress and the language of the saree to the way
women use the act of cooking of a curry to express solidarity, from the
language of women on a dance floor, to how female voices are affected in
the act of translating and from an insightful analysis of dominant and
competing discourses about violence in the home to thoughts on words and
translations in religious texts, we offer you in this issue a mix of
prose and poetry, the verbal and the visual, the pithy and the
profound. We hope the pieces in this issue of
OPTIONS will
provoke our readers to pay more attention to language, a phenomenon
which is seemingly neutral and taken for granted because it is so
fundamental and blended into our construction of the world. And of
course, we hope you will be entertained as well.
I’d like to end with a quote from Amy Cunningham’s brilliant 2004
essay “Why Women Smile”, since smiling is also so much part of the
‘language’ expected of women, and so much part of remaining silent.
“
To limit a woman to one expression is like editing down an
orchestra to one instrument. And the search for more authentic means of
expression isn’t easy in a culture in which women are still expected to
be magnanimous smilers, helpmates in crisis, and curators of everybody
else’s morale. But change is already floating in the high winds…”
Vivimarie VanderPoorten
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